<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor, André D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thompson, Levi T.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Edward Y.</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humes, Virgil P.</style></author></tertiary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kizuka, Jermey</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inkjet Printing of Carbon Supported Platinum 3-D Catalyst Layers for Use in Fuel Cells </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Power Sources </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">(09/2007)</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775307001358</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">106</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We present a method of using inkjet printing (IJP) to deposit catalyst materials onto gas diffusion layers (GDLs) that are made into membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC). Existing ink deposition methods such as spray painting or screen printing are not well suited&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;for ultra low (&amp;lt;0.5&amp;nbsp;mg&amp;nbsp;Pt&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;cm&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;) loadings. The &lt;/span&gt;IJP&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt; method can be used to deposit smaller volumes of water based catalyst ink solutions with picoliter precision provided the solution properties are compatible with the cartridge design. By optimizing the dispersion of the ink solution we have shown that this technique can be successfully used with catalysts supported on different carbon black (i.e. XC-72R, Monarch 700, Black Pearls 2000, etc.). Our ink jet printed &lt;/span&gt;MEAs&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt; with catalyst loadings of 0.020&amp;nbsp;mg&amp;nbsp;Pt&amp;nbsp;cm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&amp;minus;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;have shown Pt &lt;/span&gt;utilizations&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt; in excess of 16,000&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;mW&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;mg&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pt which is higher than our traditional screen printed &lt;/span&gt;MEAs&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt; (800&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;mW&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;mg&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pt). As a further demonstration of &lt;/span&gt;IJP&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt; versatility, we present results of a graded distribution of Pt/C catalyst structure using standard Johnson Matthey (JM) catalyst. Compared to a continuous catalyst layer of JM Pt/C (20%&amp;nbsp;Pt), the graded catalyst structure showed enhanced performance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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