The synthesis of catalysts using carbon nanotubes and nanofibers as supports is gaining considerable attention due to many of their valuable properties, such as:
- Structural properties (SP2 vs. SP3) bonds
- Electrical and thermal conductivity
- High surface areas
- Chemical Inertness
- High L/D ratio
- Mechanical strength
Recently, we developed a synthesis approach of decorating carbon nanotubes and nanofibers using supercritical fluids with metal catalysts, such as platinum, nickel, and other transition metals. This approach circumvents the need for harsh chemical pretreatments typically used for decorating these 1-D carbon supports. These transition metal supported catalysts can be used for many applications such as: PEM fuel cells, direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs), and clean water applications.
The Pt/C materials synthesized in this one batch process were evaluated in a PEM fuel cell and showed promising results. In particular, these materials demonstrated higher Pt utilizations when formed in the presence of surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
In addition to nanoparticle supported catalysts the TMD Lab is also pursuing the use of bulk metallic glasses as electrocatalysts. Bulk metallic glasses are multicomponent alloys that can be easily vitrified and formed into relatively large amorphous sections. Specifically, a platinum based alloy, Pt57.5Cu14.7Ni5.3P22.5 (Pt-BMG), which can be formed into nanowires using a top down process. These Pt-BMG nanowires have high conductivity, surface area and lower cost compared to pure Pt. The Pt-BMG nanowires were also found to have high electrocatalytic activities, low CO poisoning and high durability compared to standard Pt/C catalysts. Along with the catalytic properties of the BMG catalysts we have are also studying the effects of dealloying and other physical properties of the BMG materials.
Above- Additive and subtractive surface techniques were used to fine-tune structure and performance in this next generation catalytic nanostructure
Related Publications:
Silver palladium core–shell electrocatalyst supported on MWNTs for ORR in alkaline media. Ryan C. Sekol , Xiaokai Li , Peter Cohen , Gustavo Doubek , Marcelo Carmo, , André D. Taylor, 2013, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 138, 285-293.
Pd–Ni–Cu–P metallic glass nanowires for methanol and ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. Ryan C. Sekol, Marcelo Carmo, Golden Kumar, Forrest Gittleson, Gustavo Doubek, Kai Sun, Jan Schroers, André D. Taylor, 2013, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (in press)
Palladium Nanostructures from Multi-component Metallic Glass. Mukherjee, S.; Carmo, M.; Kumar, G.; Sekol, R.C.; Taylor, A.D.; Schroers, J. 2012, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 74, 145-150.
Bulk Metallic Glass Nanowire Architecture for Electrochemical Applications Marcelo Carmo, Ryan C. Sekol, Shiyan Ding, Golden Kumar, Jan Schroers, and André D. Taylor 2011, ACS Nano, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2979-2983.
Hydrogen Production and Performance of Nickel Based Catalysts Synthesized using Supercritical Fluids for the Gasification of Biomass, André D. Taylor, Gregory J. DiLeo and Kai Sun, 2009, Applied Catalysis B: Enviromental, 93, 126-133.
Fuel Cell Performance and Characterization of 1-D Carbon Supported Pt Nanocomposites Synthesized in Supercritical Fluids, André D. Taylor, Sekol, R., Kizuka, J., Comisar, C., 2008, Journal of Catalysis, 259, 5-16.